Animation in the 1920s :: essays research papers

Animation in the 1920’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the science of technology rose into entertainment, not even Hollywood could compete with the new stars of animation. The first broadcast ever was in 1928 and the technology used for the broadcasts consisted of a turntable, which was solely used to be the base for the Felix the Cat figurine and propped him up for the shoot; studio lights, which helped transmit the picture and they also needed to be constant; an actor was needed and had to be impervious to heat, cheap, and also constant. In turn, the use of a Felix figurine was perfect for the job not only because of these reasons, but also because the picture was black and white, and Felix was a black and white cat. A scanning disk was also needed since it was the part of the equipment that actually made the broadcast, so was an electric kinescope receiver and a rotoscope. A rotoscope was needed to trace images of the characters on paper frame by frame and was invented by Max Fleischer in 1915. (Felixthecat.com) In the history of animation there were many directors and famous characters. The most famous of them were those of the 1920’s. This includes Otto Messmer and his character Felix the Cat, Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse, and finally Grim Natwick and his character Betty Boop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Felix the Cat was created by Otto Messmer, but didn’t start as a cartoon like i mentioned earlier on. Felix was first a 13† paper mache figure. His first appearance was as the first broadcast ever on television. When displayed on the screen Felix the 13† figure became Felix the 2† figure. His first broadcast lasted for two hours but he went on to become the official figure used in a decade of television experiments. When Felix made the transition into a cartoon he was drawn by the famous cartoonist, Pat Sullivan. In later years to come Joe Oriolo became his drafter and after Joe came his son Don Oriolo. Felix’s cartoon was printed and enjoyed by all people in 250 different newspaper companies across the world. When Felix the cat got big in the newspapers he later went on to be produced in his own shows, and his first show ever was made in the 1919. The first show was called â€Å"Feline Follies† and lasted the time period of four minutes and ten seconds.

Ethical Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making Essay

End-of-life decision-making entails looking into ethical, cultural, as well as, legal concerns. All of the aforementioned has to be carefully considered if one has to decide to end his or her own life. This paper will look into the ethical, cultural, and legal issues that go along with end-of-life decision-making. It also intends to state what therapist can contribute in his or her participation in the discussion of end-of-life decision making together with his or her colleagues, as well as, patients & their families. Ethical Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making There are ethical indispensable issues involved in end-of-life decision-making and some are the following: First of all is the issue on utilitarianism, since this is said to be the â€Å"foundation of morals† then it is linked to the end-of-life decision-making as well (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). Here, it is said that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). â€Å"Happiness† here is regarded as the â€Å"absence of pain† and â€Å"unhappiness† is the presence of the aforementioned (Germino 1972, p. 240). It is an issue because happiness is not all that matters in ending a life (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). In addition to that, how can one be sure that the absence of pain, which is death in this case, will lead to happiness of the person chiefly involved in the end-of-life decision-making (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580)? The same is true with the family of main person involved, will they be experience happiness if the patient opts to end his or her life voluntarily instead of waiting for his or her ‘natural’ death to take place (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580)? Second is the issue related with the Kantian model or what is technically referred to as the â€Å"deontological theory† (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). This states that a person has to fulfill a certain responsibility or duty as a part of his objective (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). This statement now seems to be irrational since the concrete definition of a responsibility or duty is not provided (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). For example, is it the person’s responsibility to subject himself or herself to death (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). It may be his or her right to choose to live or die but if asked if it is his or her responsibility remains a big question (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). Last but not least, there are some health care providers who are extremely conscious about â€Å"how much money is spent on patients and how effectively it is spent† (Hinman, 2000, p. 9). Some individuals feel that the amount of money spent on terminally ill patients is not really worth it (Hinman, 2000, p. 9). This is highly unethical; it is as if one is saying that money is far more important than actually trying to save a life (Hinman, 2000, p. 9). Cultural Issues Involved in End of Life Decision-Making Furthermore, there are several cultural issues involved in end-of-life decision-making as well and some are the following: First of all, there are some members of a cultural minority that prefers to be spoken to directly with regards to the disease that they are going through (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516). Although, there are also some who do not (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). In fact some immediate family members request that they be the ones to be spoken to only since they believe that informing the patient will only make the patient feel worse and will eventually negatively affect him or her (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). The same is true when it comes to making decisions with regards to the medications/treatment that the patient will undergo; some family members prefer that they be the ones to be in charge about this instead of the doctor and/or the patient (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Second, patients who belong to a cultural group sometimes opt â€Å"not to be directly informed† about the disease he or she is going through especially if it’s a life-threatening one (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Third, some patients also would prefer to carry out certain religious activities and spiritual traditions so as to assist in their medical treatment, and eventually, their healing as well (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Last but not least, some patients take into consideration their beliefs and outlook when it comes to the â€Å"medical experts, suffering, as well as, the afterlife† (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Legal Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making There are also certain legal concerns when it comes to end-of-life decision-making: Most of the States disallows physician-assisted suicide; for example in New York, it is unlawful â€Å"under the general homicide laws† (Legal Status of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States, n. d. , n. p. ). The same is true in Virginia wherein â€Å"there is no law that actually covers physician-assisted suicide but there is a statute which imposes civil sanctions on persons assisting in a suicide† (Legal Status of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States, n. d. , n. p. ). My Participation as a Therapist in the Discussion of End-of-Life Decision-Making along with Colleagues There are several things that I may contribute as a therapist to my colleagues. I can share with them my knowledge with regards to how to communicate with patients of diverse culture (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). I can request them to â€Å"demonstrate an interest to the patient’s cultural heritage† for them to be able to give the patient â€Å"culturally-sensitive care† (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). In addition to that, I will also let them know that it is important to give the patient â€Å"autonomy† especially when it comes to â€Å"non-disclosure of medical information and family-centered decision-making† because through the aforementioned, the patient will eventually feel that their â€Å"cultural norms are being respected† (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). My Participation as a Therapist in the Discussion of End-of-Life Decision-Making along Patients and their Families Finally, I may also be of great assistance to patients and their families with regards to their discussion of end-of-life decision-making through the following: 1) I will respect it if the â€Å"patient prefers that his or her family members be the recipients of diagnostic and treatment information†; 2) I will make sure first who is the member of the family who’s appointed to make treatment decisions before speaking to him or her or giving them an advice with regards to the medical procedures or treatment; and 3) I will help them find another therapist/physician in case they are uncomfortable with the current one and especially if their therapist/physician â€Å"belong to the different ethnic background† (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). As a therapist, I will try to advise them the best I can while considering their cultural background, incorporating my ethical/moral standards, and making sure that I will abide by the laws as well. References Bennagen, P. (2000). Social Economic and Political Thought. Q. C. : UP Press. Ebenstein, W. and Ebenstein, A. 1991, Great Political Thinkers: Plato to the President.Harcourt Brace, Forth Worth. Germino, D. 1972, Machiavelli to Marx: Modern Western Political Thought. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Hinman, L. M. (2000). Ethical Issues in End of Life Decisions: A Guide to Understanding Differences. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http://ethics. sandiego. edu/presentations/sharp/index_files/v3_document. htm Legal Status of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http://www. nightingalealliance. org/pdf/state_grid. pdf Searight, H. R. & Gafford, J. (2005). Cultural Diversity at the End of Life: Issues and Guidelines for Family Physicians. American Family Physician, 71(3), 515 – 522.

Point of View of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

Point of View of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Point of view is â€Å"one of the most prominent and persistent concerns in modern treatments of the art of prose fiction† (Abrams 231). This essay will treat of how the story is told in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† what type of narrator tells it, and through whose perception the reader receives the tale – in other words, the point of view of this short story (Axelrod 336). In this story the mode or point of view by which the author presents the characters, dialogue, actions, etc. is that of a third-person narrator, who uses proper names and third-person pronouns to designate the various characteris in the tale: YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN came forth at sunset,†¦show more content†¦We find another example of the narrator feeling, thinking and perceiving what Goodman experiences while he is accompanying his travelling companion through the woods: As nearly as could be discerned, the second traveller was about fifty years old, apparently in the same rank of life as Goodman Brown, and bearing a considerable resemblance to him, though perhaps more in expression than features. Still, they might have been taken for father and son. And yet, though the elder person was as simply clad as the younger, and as simple in manner too, he had an indescribable air of one who knew the world, and would not have felt abashed at the governors dinner-table, or in King Williams court, were it possible that his affairs should call him thither. But the only thing about him, that could be fixed upon as remarkable, was his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought, that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself like a living serpent. This, of course, must have been an ocular deception, assisted by the uncertain light. And when the companion departs: The young man sat a few moments by the road-side, applauding himself greatly, and thinking with how clear a conscience he should meet the minister, in his morning-walk, nor shrink from the eye of good old Deacon Gookin. And what calm sleep would be his, that very night, which was to have been spent so wickedly, but purely and sweetlyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown – Point of View1642 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† how does the author present the characters, dialogue, actions, setting and events which comprise the narrative in this short story? This essay will answer these questions. R. W. B. Lewis in â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne† states that â€Å"there is always more to the world in which Hawthorne’s characters move than any one of them can see at a glance† (77). In Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† this fact is especially true since the main character, Goodman BrownRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown from a Moral Standpoint1352 Words   |  6 PagesHawthorne discovered that his ancestors were founders and Puritan leaders of the Salem witch trials. 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Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown Essay1 115 Words   |  5 Pagesmore intriguing than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne’s ability to weave stories through the use of complex language and early puritan society narratives has long been a topic of study amongst scholars and young adults, alike. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† explores the idea of good vs. evil and draws many parallels to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is often debated whether man is born innately good or evil. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† it is possible to see Hawthorne’s stance on this. However, before delvingRead More Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most criticism and reflection of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown centers on a good versus evil theme. Critics also debate interpretations of the main characters consciousness; is Brown awake or dreaming.   What is certain is that he lives and dies in pain because his belief in his righteousness isolates him from his community.   It is also certain that Hawthornes interpretation of Browns mid-lifeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne865 Words   |  4 Pagesequally, if not more, serpent-like staff carrying dark companion. This respectable man is Young Goodman Brown, as portrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. The forest is only a small part of the setting, as this also takes place in a village in Salem Massachusetts and surrounding area the year 1692. The mood is heavy with superstition, confusion, doubt, betrayal, and shallowness. Goodman Brown sets the exposition as he parts with his sweet, pink-capped wife, Faith, to leave atRead MorePoint of View in Young Goodman Brown Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, the story is told from a limited omniscient third-person narrator point of view. Limited omniscient third-person narrator means that the focal point of the story is limited to one character. This technique works well with the story because it allows the narrator to portray what Goodman Brown is doing, and also allows him to assess and remark on Goodman Browns doings throughout the story. Sometimes this method is used to convey the beliefs of the author

The Five Stages Of Social Penetration Theory - 1364 Words

The Five Stages of Social Penetration Theory In life as a human being you will encounter many people that enter into your life and exit it as well. Some of these people at times can leave a lasting attachment with you. After the two of you having a long relationship together. In Fact, there are many types of relationship titles that you may resort to when explaining a person that is in your life to other people. These relationships names that you may use at times to describe your relationship that person that is in your life at the moment can be an acquaintance, a friend, a family member(mom, dad, brother, etc.), or someone you are dating. Now you simply can not automatically create these certain relationships with someone off in just†¦show more content†¦Lasly, small talk is painless and cost -free for the two strangers. The reason this is because they will not be providing too much simply by exchanging their names and the major that they are learning with one another. In fact, if they do not proceed on to more perso nal matters, they actually only exposed very little. For example, when you are at a party. You are standing by yourself in a corner of the room. When suddenly a person approaches you and ask you to a dance. To get comfortable with them they tell you their name and age. You then to decide to also tell them your name and age as well. Finally, you the both of you then go to dance. The second stage is exploratory affective exchange. This is when commutation between these two strangers is more open and comfortable, less scripted. This is because the information that they share goes farther than just a short conversation ( Beauchamp and Baran, 2017). This will then allow the two people to then break the ice between them. If they then realize that this stage is rewarding they will then be more giving with moving forward to the next stage in Social Penetration Theory, which will be building a relationship (Smith, 2002). According to Beauchamp and Baran (2017) affective exchange is the third stage. This is when your close friends and romantic partners stay inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of 500 Days Of Summer1714 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication theory. In this paper, I would like to focus on the social penetration theory revealed in 500 Days of Summer. In this movie, some essential perspectives of penetration theory are revealed: depth and breadth of penetration, sta ges of the penetration theory, and verbal and non-verbal communication. In this essay, I am going to discuss these three characteristics revealed in the movie, 500 Days of Summer with my observations. First of all, depth and breadth of penetration is revealed inRead MoreThe Breakfast Club Movie Analysis1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Breakfast Club, produced in 1985, is a famous film about five strangers who at first glance, seem to all be extremely different. Commonly referred to as â€Å"the criminal, the princess, the brain, the athlete, and the basketcase,† the students all have distinct personas. However, as the movie progresses, they discover they all have much more in common than they had previously thought. As a former high school student, the concept of the movie is relatively familiar to me. Communicating between strangersRead MoreSocial Penetration1449 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped a theory, social penetration, to explain how relationships are established and explain the four sequential stages humans might go through in order to achieve and/or maintain a relationship. In John Hughes The Breakfast Club, the four stages of social penetration theory are shown whe n five high school students from different social groups are forced to spend a Saturday together in detention, they find themselves interacting with and understanding each other for the first time. Social PenetrationRead MoreThe Effects of Facebook Communication on Social Penetration Theory1456 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication on Social Penetration Theory This paper examines a possible study to measure how CMC -- specifically Facebook communication -- is changing and evolving social penetration theory (Altman Taylor, 1973). More specifically, the surveys are designed to determine if self-disclosure is happening more quickly in Facebook relationships. Altman and Taylor examine the stages of self-disclosure in social penetration theory and this study will determine if the lines between those stages are beingRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory And Uncertainty Reduction Theory1647 Words   |  7 Pages Communications Theory Final paper Thomas Berry Central Michigan University Social Penetration Theory and Uncertainty Reduction Theory The theories I will focus on in this essay is Social Penetration Theory and Uncertainty Reduction Theory. The reason I choose both these theories focus on initial interactions with stingers and how relationships develop. The social penetration theory is an objective theory (A First Look at Communication, page 93) uses the example of peeling an onionRead MoreModern Family Has Won The Emmy For Outstanding Comedy Series For Five Years1008 Words   |  5 Pages Five years. Modern Family has won the Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series for five years in a row. Modern Family is an American situation comedy or better known as a sitcom; meaning it’s humor is based on situations that arise from everyday life. The sitcom follows three families interrelated through Jay Pritchett, the patriarch of the show, and his two children Claire and Mitchell. Pritchett is remarried to Gloria and helping raise his step-son Manny and their son Joe. Claire is married to PhilRead MoreSocial Penetration T heory On Our Private Life1827 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Penetration Theory Opening up to strangers about our private life is something that usually takes time as the relationship develops. As you grow closer with someone you slowly start to unveil a little more about yourself. This idea is known as the Social Penetration Theory and there are five stages included: the orientation stage, the exploratory stage, the affective stage, the stable stage and the de-penetration stage. Social Penetration Theory shows how people develop deeper friendshipsRead MoreFilm Analysis - Social Penetration Theory in the Breakfast Club2129 Words   |  9 PagesSocial Penetration Theory in The Breakfast Club The Social Penetration Theory, adapted by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor, is based on the idea that people are layered like onions, (Griffin 133). These layers are made up by different things that hide an individual’s true self. One’s true self can include his or her hopes, fears, likes, dislikes, aspirations and other things that one thinks about. For individuals to become close, they must get past all of the facades and disclose their trueRead MoreIntercultural And Interracial Friendships And Cultural Relationships Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesinterracial friendships from a social penetration perspective. Journal of intercultural communication research, 38(2), 77-98. doi:10.1080/17475750903395408 In this article the researchers explored what the influences of culture have on self-disclosure in intercultural and interracial friendships and relationships in the United States. These friendships and relationships face obstacles and challenges. The focus on intercultural and interracial friendships and relationships has social and practical implicationsRead MoreRelationships And Relationships : Friendships And Intimate Relationships783 Words   |  4 PagesFriendships and Intimate Relationships Describe how the five factors of personal attraction affect friendships and intimate relationships. The five factors that predict interpersonal relationships are: proximity, familiarity, similarity, physical appearance, and reciprocity. Proximity refers to the geographical location of persons. People are more likely to initiate, engage, or maintain relationships if someone’s geographical location is near or convenient to the person they are to pursue. Relationships

The, Ignorance Is Bliss, By Albert Einstein And Steven...

There is a famous saying that goes, â€Å"Ignorance is bliss;† when superficially examining this saying, one might conclude that some things are better left unknown. After analyzing the maxim, one might be provoked to ask if an omniscient mind is superior. After all, it is geniuses such as Albert Einstein and Steven Hawking who acclaim their fame from their brilliance. Although the perception of knowledge varies, when earned, knowledge engenders an enlightenment and purity of mind; however, as evinced by Plato, the Schaibles, and Francis, knowledge is difficult to attain and has negative side effects. When gained, one’s idea of knowledge proves to be illuminating and beneficial to his or her mind’s purity. Plato believes that â€Å"in the world of knowledge the idea of good appears last of all, and is seen only with an effort; and, when seen, is also inferred to be the universal author of all things beautiful and right, parent of light and of the lord of li ght in this visible world, and the immediate source of reason and truth in the intellectual.† It is wholesome knowledge that provides truth, and truth, in turn, provides understanding. The â€Å"light† that Plato describes as a result of having knowledge is a symbol of purity, clarity, and truth; it provides an intellectual illumination of reason and awareness of all things good and beautiful. Accordingly, what Plato criticizes as â€Å"darkness,† or ignorance, the Schaibles perceive as their own from of truth and wisdom. TheShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesUniversity Brenda McAleer, University of Maine at Augusta Christina McCale, Regis College Don McCormick, California State University Northridge James McElroy, Iowa State University Bonnie McNeely, Murray State University Melony Mead, University of Phoenix Steven Meisel, La Salle Universi ty Nancy Meyer-Emerick, Cleveland State University Catherine Michael, St. Edwards University Sandy Miles, Murray State University Janice Miller, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee Leann Mischel, Susquehanna University Atul

Eco-tourism Free Essays

Eco-tourism is more than a catch phrase for nature loving travel and recreation. Eco-tourism is consecrated for preserving and sustaining the diversity of the world’s natural and cultural environments. It accommodates and entertains visitors in a way that is minimally intrusive or destructive to the environment and sustains supports the native cultures in the locations it is operating in. We will write a custom essay sample on Eco-tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Responsibility of both travellers and service providers is the genuine meaning for eco-tourism. Eco-tourism also endeavours to encourage and support the diversity of local economies for which the tourism-related income is important. With support from tourists, local services and producers can compete with larger, foreign companies and local families can support themselves. Besides all these, the revenue produced from tourism helps and encourages governments to fund conservation projects and training programs. Saving the environment around you and preserving the natural luxuries and forest life, that’s what eco-tourism is all about. Whether it’s about a nature camp or organizing trekking trips towards the unspoilt and inaccessible regions, one should always keep in mind not to create any mishap or disturbance in the life cycle of nature. Eco-tourism focuses on local cultures, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is typically defined as travel to destinations where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Responsible Eco-tourism includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to promote recycling, energy efficiency, water reuse, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities are an integral part of Eco-tourism. Historical, biological and cultural conservation, preservation, sustainable development etc. are some of the fields closely related to Eco-Tourism. Many professionals have been involved in formulating and developing eco-tourism policies. They come from the fields of Geographic Information Systems, Wildlife Management, Wildlife Photography, Marine Biology and Oceanography, National and State Park Management, Environmental Sciences, Women in Development, Historians and Archaeologists, etc. Eco-tourism is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization with an annual growth rate of 5% worldwide and representing 6% of the world gross domestic product, 11. 4% of all consumer spending – not a market to be taken lightly. What is Eco-tourism? Fundamentally, eco-tourism means making as little environmental impact as possible and helping to sustain the indigenous populace, thereby encouraging the preservation of wildlife and habitats when visiting a place. This is responsible form of tourism and tourism development, which encourages going back to natural products in every aspect of life. It is also the key to sustainable ecological development. The International Eco-tourism Society defines eco-tourism as â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. This means that those who implement and participate in Eco-tourism activities should follow the following principles: Minimize impact Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts Provide direct financial benefits for conservation Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people Raise sensitivity to host countries’ political, environmental, and social climate Support international human rights and labour agreements Aware of the Environment – Today the â€Å"Green Laws† of conservation are making people aware of how man and the environment can live symbiotically for more time to come and eco-tourism is the only way to maximize the economic, environmental and social benefits of tourism. Everyone is a stakeholder in the process and we clearly need to avoid our past shortcomings and negative impact that they have had. In India too the movement is gathering momentum with more and more travel and travel related organisation’s are addressing the needs of the eco-tourists and promoting eco-tourism in the country. Some basic do’s and don’ts of eco-tourism are listed below: Do’s Carry back all non-degradable litter such as empty bottles, tins, plastic bags etc. These must not litter the environment or be buried. They must be disposed in municipal dustbins only. Observe the sanctity of holy sites, temples and local cultures. Cut noise pollution. Do not blare aloud radios, tape recorders or other electronic entertainment equipment in nature resorts, sanctuaries and wildlife parks. In case temporary toilets are set-up near campsites, after defecation, cover with mud or sand. Make sure that the spot is at least 30 meters away from the water source. Respect people’s privacy while taking photographs. Ask for prior permission before taking a photograph. Don’ts Do not take away flora and fauna in the forms of cuttings, seeds or roots. It is illegal, especially in the Himalayas. The environment is really delicate in this region and the bio-diversity of the region has to be protected at all costs. Do not use pollutants such as detergent, in streams or springs while washing and bathing. Do not use wood as fuel to cook food at the campsite. Do not leave cigarettes butts or make open fires in the forests. Do not consume aerated drinks, alcohol, drugs or any other intoxicant and throw bottles in the wild. Do not tempt the locals, especially children by offering them foodstuff or sweets. Respect local traditions. Polythene and plastics are non biodegradable and unhealthy for the environment and must not be used and littered. As a traveller, you will have an impact on the environment and culture of the place you are visiting. Here are some rules of thumb to make this impact positive! Golden Rules When You Travel Learn about your destination before you get there. Read guidebooks, travel articles, histories, and/or novels by local authors and pay particular attention to customs such as greetings, appropriate dress, eating behaviours, etc. Being sensitive to these customs will increase local acceptance of you as a tourist and enrich your trip. Follow established guidelines. Ask your eco-tour operator, guide and/or the local authorities what their guidelines are for limiting tourism’s impact on the environment and local culture. Staying on trails, packing up your trash, and remaining set distances away from wildlife are a few ways to minimize your impact in sensitive areas. Seek out and support locally owned businesses. Support local businesses during your eco-travels to ensure maximum community and conservation benefit from your spending. Eco-Tourism in India is still at a very nascent stage, but there are for sure conscious efforts to save the fragile Himalayan Eco System and culture and heritage of the indigenous people, which is probably the largest concentration in the world. Holiday Camping vis a vis Hotel accommodation are gathering momentum amongst the metropolis traveller. A plethora of holiday camping options are available in the Himalayan belt, where soft adventure tourism is packaged with holiday camping to create an acceptable eco-tourism product. Resorts tucked deep inside jungles of Karnataka, House-boats of Kerala, Tree Houses at Vythiri combine to make India one of the most diverse eco-tourism destinations on the planet. How to cite Eco-tourism, Essay examples

International Journal Of Economy Management-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Of Economy Management? Answer: Introduction Globalisation has created a competitive nature in the market raising the demand of quality being delivered to the customers. The demand of maintaining high quality for the products exists in the organisations regardless of the industry. Both manufacturers and service providers require delivering top quality for whatever they are selling to the customers for holding competitive position in the market. This supplemented in the formation of Total Quality Management, which is a systematic approach. It is necessary for the companies the TQM perspective by adequate planning and implementing a constant organisational improvement process. This helps them in gaining competitive advantage in the market by identifying problems, building commitments and exceeding customers expectation. It is necessary for contemporary business organisations to follow the principles proposed in the TQM to identify the quality being delivered to the customers (Kalra and Pant 2013). This essay aims to identify the total quality management of Toyota by analysing the three key principles namely commitment, customer orientation and continuous improvement. This will focus on identification of level of achievement attained by the multinational company I work in and barriers faced by the company in the attainment process. The essay further recommends the necessary modifications that can contribute in attaining the quality narrated in the TQM principles. TQM Principles Total Quality Management from its philosophical stance integrates all its functions for meeting the need of focusing on meeting the customer needs and organisational objectives. This management philosophy was formulated back in 1950 and underwent numerous modifications. The philosophy gained its popularity in 1980s. The managements in contemporary business organisations use this as a method that enables them to get involved in the continuous improvement of the product manufacturing and services delivered to the customers. Kalra and Pant (2013) described TQM as an accumulation of the management tools whose primary focus is to increase business while reducing losses due to the wasteful practices. There are a number of principles communicated by various scholars, out of which, five principles are considered as the primary due to its importance in quality management of a business process. They are management commitments, employee empowerment, fact based decision-making, continuous improv ement and customer focus (Gimenez-Espin, Jimnez-Jimnez and Martnez-Costa 2013). However, management commitment, continuous improvement and customer focus is prioritised over the rest of the principles due to their important contribution in quality management. Commitment involves the input of both the managers and employees in the product development process. Necessity for calculating the commitment of both for identifying the effort put in the process for identifying the efficiency of the development process of the quality product. From the perspective of employee commitment, the participation of the employee towards the organisational goal is calculated. From the managerial perspective on the other hand identifies the need of quality committee, plan formulation, policymaking, strategy implementation and review of the process. This ensures the success of the process that assures quality of the product being delivered to the customers. Continuous Improvement guideline communicated through this principle on the other hand identifies the need of analysing the way the product is being developed. As described by Gimenez-Espin, Jimnez-Jimnez and Martnez-Costa (2013), the principle of continuous improvement looks for the efficiency of a product development process and identifies the gap for improving the process. This further incorporates the evaluation of the employees and their performance for understanding the capability and scope for innovati0n that will further increase the productivity of the firm. The team with better performance is likely to provide quality products and services to the customers of the organisation. The principle further calls for cross-functional process management, attain, maintain and improve standards. Customer Orientation according to Gimenez-Espin, Jimnez-Jimnez and Martnez-Costa (2013) identifies the need of customers focused products. This principle communicates the need of manufacturing products according to the need of customers and maintaining the product quality according to the demand for satisfying the need. This principle further reviews the communication process taken by the company for reaching out their customers in the target market. The complete process includes the product, its functionality, attribution, convenience and the means of communication of the products details to the customers. According to Herzallah, Gutirrez-Gutirrez and Munoz Rosas (2014), the quality of a product is considered as good only if it satisfies the customers need and hold greater perceived value compared to the other similar products in the market. Hence, the quality of the product is proportionate to the value it holds among the customers. The management process of the quality in an organisation on the other hand as prescribed by Mohammad Mosadeghrad (2014) is the complete process of need identification of the customers and working towards the similar aim. This further involves the planning process, evaluation, implementation of the plan and directing the workforce towards the aim. The principles proposed by TQM convey the standards to be maintained in the process for delivering quality products to the customers. Company Analysis The company I had worked in is a multinational company that delivers products and services to the target international customers. The company includes three elements of quality that they require to maintain that are innovation, customers and employee management. The company values the contribution of the employees as they consider them as the building block for maintaining the quality of their products. This leads them to hire the employees who have greater experience on specific field and has the potential to develop innovative products for the organisation. The company adopted multilevel evaluation for the process of employing new workers into the organisation that includes group discussion, skill test and personal interview. The company further offers the employees various training programs for developing the skills for satisfying the customers needs. This also works as a motivational factor for the employees to retain interest towards their work and the organisation. This in turn helps the organisation in retaining the employees with greater commitment towards product development that ensures the greater quality. Moreover, the employee integration in the decision making process amplifies the sense of responsibility among the employees th at further facilitates in increasing the level of commitment of the employees. Moreover, the company has incentive policies for distributing rewards that keep them motivated and encourage them to contribute towards the organisational goal. The management on the other hand follows cross-cultural leadership for addressing the multicultural workforce of the company. This helps them motivating the employees towards the goals of the organisation. The management of the company further developed the performance review matrix that helps in identifying the development required by particular individuals. Moreover, they have developed CSR policies for addressing the environmental issues in the market in which they are operating. This requires them to formulate specific CSR policies for different markets as the particular company operates in the international market, under different legislation. However, the company follows a general CSR policy for all their operational markets around the globe that weakens the implacability of the policy. The management commitment principle as communicated in TQM as described in the earlier section communicates the guideline for providing greater quality of the products that includes various management processes which needs implementation as per the requirement. However, the primary objective of the principle as proposed by Goetsch and Davis (2014) is to attain maximum efficiency of the workforce for developing quality products. However, the multinational company under study reflects limitations in their management process. As mentioned earlier, the company prioritises the customers in their product development for holding competitive advantage in the market by meeting the customers demands and specifications. This helps them in providing customers satisfaction that in turn helps in increasing brand value. The increased brand value on the other hand helps them in building customer loyalty. This can be attributed as the determinant factors for the company in prioritising the customers perception in the product development. The customer-oriented nature of the business is meet through need identification, satisfaction and individual need identification. The company ensures the needs are met or even exceeds the customers needs. The process of need identification involves market analysis that helps the company identifying the existing trend in the market along with the possible upcoming trend that is likely to dominate the market. Market analysis involves various market surveys and trend analysis. The research division of the company again looks this after. They are responsible for collecting, analysing and storing the data. The satisfaction of the customers can be considered as the centre of the companys vision and mission. The overall vision of the company is to provide quality product in accordance to the customers needs for satisfaction and value creation. The overall team of the company is involved in the process for maintaining the product quality being delivered. This involves the activities ranging from product development, product promotion, product marketing, supply chain management for on time delivery to market research for understanding the current sales and upcoming trend. The retails store activities and services are checked for ensuring the primary target customers of the company are satisfied. The attainment of success is determined through the feedback approach taken by the company. This helps them understanding the customers perception towards the products company is delivering to their customers. The company further respects the individual need of the customers. This directed the comp any to deliver a wide range of product line for satisfying a larger customer segment in the target market. This again leads them to stratify the market offering different products with different pricing for satisfying individual customers needs. Moreover, the quality assurance and control policies incorporated by the company guarantees high quality and safety of the product. The manufacturing process is reviewed under multiple product testing stages incorporated in the product development process. Moreover, the company has on spot quality check during the manufacturing that helps in increasing the perceived value of the products. On to it, the CSR policies of the company helps them uphold the environmental safety maintained by the company in the process of production. This again contributes in increasing product value. From the TQM point of view, the company has attained success in following customer orientation principle in the quality management process. Customer orientation principle as mentioned by Gharakhani et al (2013) involves the necessary steps required for both satisfying and measuring the level of satisfaction of the customers. The company invests a lump sum in their research and development of the products. This involves product life cycle review in accordance to the customers need. The constant review of the need is required for introducing innovative products in the market in order to attract customers attention. This is mainly done through the market study conducted by the company using market analysis tools. Moreover, further importance of the division serves in developing the future generation products for the customers. The development department of the company is focused on designing the products according to the customers needs. The company is successful in producing data related to the needs and developing products accordingly that helped them in holding greater market share in the international market. The modification of the products is constant in the company, which enables them to reintroduce the products in the market for satisfying the customers demand. The concept products of the company re present the outlooks that are to enter the market for next generation customers. This represents the successful alignment of the with the mission and vision statement of the company as it accommodates innovation. Barrier Identification The company however, faces considerable challenge in satisfying specific needs of the individual. As the products delivered to the customers are standardised products, it is hard for the company in the process (Ferner and Almond 2013). However, customisation of the products will provide the company in gaining greater efficiency towards customer satisfaction. However, this will increase the costing of the product, which in turn will modify the pricing of the products. This is a huge barrier for the company in their customer focus approach in the international market. Moreover, the company requires modification in the process of data collection regarding the experience. The contemporary feedback system is proving ineffective in the changing world (Black and IVERIFICATION SERVICES LLC 2013). This in contemporary market becoming barrier for the company to continue with existing system and requires modernised tool that integrates technological advancement. Moreover, the need identificatio n process utilised is market analysis, which fails in complete identification of the trend in the contemporary market. This also is becoming a barrier for the company in addressing the needs of the customers in their target market. Lastly, the company has developed and followed CSR policy in the product manufacturing process. However, the absence of CSR policies in other process such as supply chain is a barrier in addressing the customer-focused principle of TQM (Ayuso, Roca and Colom 2013). Some of the barriers as identified in the report are the absence of internal feedback mechanism that needs incorporation within the workplace. This limits the international communication of the organisation (Huang, Baptista and Galliers 2013). Moreover, the cross-cultural leadership as utilised by the organisation limits the ability of motivating and directing the workforce towards the goal of the company. On to it, the objective of the company is too generalised and fails to focus on particular aspect. This according to the TQM principle of innovation is properly aligned. As stated by Bon and Mustafa (2013), a company needs to constantly innovate its operational process for developing innovative products that will satisfy the market need. Constant improvement in the organisation according to the TQM constant innovation principle will help the company holding their market share in the target market. For example, Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan has been successfully holding their international market share due to the innovative approach of the company and the vision of providing future generation products to the customers (Toivonen 2015). Similar but different example can be sighted for the case of Tesla, which is an American automobile organisation. The cars manufactured by the company are eco-friendly and considered as future technology of automobile industry. However, the company is failing in holding greater market share due to its high end pricing, which again can be attribute d to the high production cost (Christensen, Raynor and McDonald 2015). However, despite of focusing on innovation practices, the company is facing significant challenge meeting customers demand. This can be attributed to the cost barriers. The production cost for developing the products as envisioned is considerably high that reduces the profit margin of the company (Klychova et al 2015). Some of the costing that plays active role in increasing the production cost are the price of raw materials, labour costs, transport cost etc. (Ellram et al 2013). This can be considered as a significant barrier in the innovation process both admired by the company and narrated in the principle of TQM. The company is further failing in developing innovative products due to the high production cost. Recommendations The barriers identified can be considered as common challenges faced by a multinational enterprise. Negligence of these challenges significantly reduces the product quality, which makes it important for the organisations to mitigate the issues with maximum priorities. Following are some of the recommendation that can improve the situation of the company and direct them achieving the principles of total quality management. Barriers identified in the previous section on the management commitment limits the efficiency of the company. The internal feedback system as identified can considerably increase the efficiency in performance identification. Integration of employee feedback application in this case can potentially benefit the company by increasing the motivation level of the company. Benefit as identified by Guo et al (2014) is in encouraging the employees by communicating the performance level and appreciating them for the job well done. This can also be used to communicate job description to the employees. Integration of the application will also facilitate the employees to communicate their valuable feedback regarding the workplace environment and the management. This will help the company identify the areas with the workplace that needs attention. The recommendation will also be welcomed from the employees for formulating ideas regarding the improvement process that can successfully modify the w orkplace environment. Change in leadership style is another modification required for developing greater commitment. Changing the cross-cultural leadership to transformational leadership as identified by Top et al (2013) will provide greater efficiency in motivating the employees that will redirect their focus towards the organisational goals. Moreover, the transformational leadership will facilitate in supporting the change that are being recommendation. The implication of transformational leadership also lies in improving the innovative approach of the company. According to Avolio and Yammarino (2013), transformational leaders have the ability to both communicate and extract innovative ideas. Hence, the implementation of the particular leadership style will facilitate in attaining multiple principles communicated through the TQM. Expanding the manufacturing to the developing countries as recommended earlier will help in reducing the production cost. This has further implication in attaining the customer-focused principle of TQM. The lower production cost will help changing the product category from standardisation to customisable product. This will enable the customer receive products specific to their need without major alteration in the pricing of the products. Furthermore, the company needs to develop their general CSR policy. This is because of the international operation of the business. The international organisations require specific CSR policies for their operations in particular nations that should be developed in accordance to the country legislation. Hence, to could be recommended to the company to formulate country specific CSR policies for increasing the quality of their products and services (Stellner, Klein and Zwergel 2015). Moreover, the company follows CSR policy in their production process, whereas, they do not have any policy for the supply chain. Hence, separate policy regarding the supply chain is required to develop for completely addressing the issue of environmental safety. Barrier regarding the customer feedback can be solved with the development of company App. This according to Helander et al (2014) is the modern trend used for gathering customer review. The application will help both the company and the customers in receiving and providing feedback respectively. This will enable the customers to provide feedback and submit complaints related to the used products without having to visit the companys service provides. Company will further reduce their expenses by implementing the application, as this will delete the need of outdoor feedback survey. Moreover, the application can also be utilised in conducting market survey for need identification. The loyal customers of the company will be provided opportunity for sharing their specific recommendation with the company stating their particular product need. The next recommendation that can be provided is the utilisation of social networking websites for collecting customers view. The increased technological advancement and adaptation will support the utilisation of social networking in conducting survey. The target market reflects high utilisation of technology and social networking on daily basis. According to He, Zha and Li (2013), utilisation of social networking for conducting customer need survey will help an organisation in efficient data collection maintaining low budget for research division. Hence, implementation of this particular recommendation will help the company in both getting efficiency in data collection while significantly reducing the cost involved. Lastly, the company is facing challenge in reducing the production cost that significantly decreases the quality of the products, which fails in satisfying the customer needs. The company is further failing in developing innovative products due to the high production cost. Two possible solutions can be recommended. According to Dolgui and Proth (2013), outsourcing can significantly reduce the production cost incurred by an organisation. Implementation of outsourcing in supply chain can provide further benefits to the company by reducing the transportation cost. Another benefit of using outsourcing lies in significantly reducing the risk incurred by the company. However, as identified by Cortes and Pan (2013), this can significantly reduce the quality of the product being delivered due to minimal control of the production process. The second recommendation in this case that can be made is the FDI. This recommends the company to open manufacturing facility in the developing countries. The benefits of this planning involves in reducing the labour cost in the production process (Haberly and Wjcik 2014). This will further benefit the company in maintaining the product quality as the regulation of production process will remain intact and the company will have full control over the process. Conclusion It is possible to state from the above discussion that the company has successfully addressed the mentioned principles of total quality management for their quality management. 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